The aim of the article is to review of strategies and decisions by the US and North Korea and their results (outcomes) during North Korea nuclear crisis. To this end, article viewed to John Brams’ Theory of Moves. Since 1993 that issue of North Korea nuclear program looked by global society as an explicitly threat, strategies and counter strategies by the North Korea and the US assumed that, ultimately, caused achieving of nuclear bomb by the North Korea and test it two times. Following it America established massive economic sanctions in frame of Security Council against North Korea. In the article view, each decision (move) by each one was for maximizing of interests and minimizing of risks and, of course, has closed relations to other one’ move. Hence tow countries' strategies have undulated in two positions of hard line stance and comprising. Article found that at the first time, the aim of North Korea in produce nuclear bomb was getting some upper hand and grant, none deterrence, but after whatever refrain of 1994 contrast by the US and threatening of Pyong Yang it has tended to achieve atomic bomb.

In the Philippe Daros’ s narration of the history of European literary criticism after the Second World War, three main periods are distinguished. First, a formalist/structuralist period, centered by language and linguistic approaches, which is a negative reaction to the horrors of War and a symbol of desire to forget the History. In the second period, the revival of historical approaches makes that the Time is situated at the center of criticism, more or less simultaneously to the emergence of a “ litté rature de té moignage” , which is a direct or indirect witness of the "Catastrophe". The third period – ours – begins when the literary representation of the most routine dimensions of “ little lives” , here and now, pushes the criticism towards a “ humanistic” reading of this kind of “ crisis of historical consciousness” which characterizes the contemporary humanity. When it seems that each of these periods in Europe has followed a lawful evolution, while European contemporary criticism tries to explain the laws of this evolution and uncover mankind's crises at various times, nowadays Iranian critique still has its own ease in linguistic and textual studies. Beyond discussions about convergence, divergence, updating, or timing of humanistic and linguistic approaches, this paper speaks of a process in which each of these approaches becomes a “ safe” environment for deterrence and prevents the immediate confrontation with Human and Language. This security threatens, not only the authenticity of the criticism, but also its existence, which depends on its “ critical” conditions.

Background and purpose: Oculogyric crisis which is a dystonic reaction commonly caused by typical antipsychotics treatment of acute dystonias, rarely occurs with atypical antipsychotics like clozapine. The aim of this report was to describe a rare case of clozapine-induced oculogyric crisis successfully treated with biperiden. Case: The patient was a 42-year-old woman with a 19-year history of schizophrenia treated with high-potency typical antipsychotics, risperidone and lithium augmentation with appropriate doses and duration. Because of poor response to prior medications, she was prescribed clozapine started with 25 mg/d and gradually titrated up to 150 mg/d. She has experienced two episodes of oculogyric crisis treated successfully with biperiden. Discussion: Although low affinity of clozapine for blocking D2 dopaminergic receptors and its anticholinergic activity may explain the significantly lower incidence of dystonic reactions, they may happen in some patients and could be suppressed with biperiden. Conclusion: Clinicians should consider dystonic reaction as a possible clozapine adverse effect and on the basis of this report, clozapine-induced oculogyric crisis may be treated successfully with biperiden.

The nuclear negotiations of the Islamic Republic of Iran following the Islamic Revolution have become one of the most significant aspects of Iran's foreign policy. Consequently, an understanding of the strategies employed by the various countries involved in these negotiations is of great importance to Iran's decision-makers, enabling them to pursue national interests in nuclear negotiations and other comparable cases within Iran's foreign policy. China has been an international mediator in the nuclear negotiations with Iran since 2006. Despite its involvement in the nuclear negotiations between Iran and the West, China's contradictory stance towards Iran's nuclear programme has rendered the rationale behind this country's actions opaque. The principal aim of this research is to examine the manner in which the official stance of the People's Republic of China towards Iran's nuclear programme was formulated during the so-called 5+1 negotiations with Iran. The findings of the study, which was based on Copenhagen school theory, indicate that despite China's efforts to de-securitise Iran's nuclear programme, the "speeches acts" of Beijing's leaders were predicated on the securitisation of Iran's nuclear activities. In order to test this hypothesis, this research employed a qualitative content analysis methodology and evaluated the speech acts of statements made by senior Chinese negotiators.

The recent developments in the Middle East especially the Syrian crisis have created new equations in the region. It seems that this crisis will ultimately affect the strategic axis of Iran, Syria and Hezbollah. The present paper is going to answer these questions: how will the current developments affect the triple axis and influence Iran's national security? What is Iran's security strategy towards this upheaval and how can it be explained? The hypotheses that the present paper addresses are as follows: different scenarios will have different impacts on Iran. The scenario of Assad’s fall would be a severe strike to the strategic axis and jeopardize national security of Islamic republic of Iran. Moreover, Iran's security strategy towards this crisis is vigorous support of the Syrian regime which can be explained in the framework of regional balance of threat against the united state and Israel.

This article points to a permanent concern in ME's security which is called 'crisis recreation' and emphasizes on that as a central nucleus. The major focus of this study is to understand the nature of this super crisis and its recreation in other critical ME'S conditions. In Contrast to common approaches namely International Society the or British School of International Relations in which in spite of structural obstacles, convergence and public discipline are attainable, this article proposes a neorealistic approach within the conceptual framework of anarchy in international system. In this way, although, there are a series the common cultural-historical values and geopolitical-economic interests among ME states to materialize convergence and public discipline, the ME structure seems to be conflicting and anarchic.The theoretical approach of this study considers this anarchic structure as the consequence of the Zionist's incomplete forming regime, and categorizes the main origin of all these disputes on this political fact. It is supposed that this phenomenon in other levels of governmental and non-governmental performers is recreated and caused the genesis of disordered structures. The concept of super crisis implies realigod a central point which has a feature and can recreate other forms of challenges in the ME. The the Greater Middle East plan cannot be reveals in the presence of this crisis. [Adopting a reductionist approach towards this critical structure in the region helps to understand the reasons of unfulfilled great ME project].

Iran’s Nuclear Program (INP) has attracted many eyes and thoughts. While much ink has been spilled on its evolution and its impact on the international security and the middle-eastern politics, it seems there has been a theoretical void in the explanation of this multi-dimensional crisis. Such an unfortunate poverty is no more obvious than in the framing INP by the media. In fact, the impacts of media on conflicts and crisis in general, and on INP in particular, has been recently devalued. Thus, a voyage of the connections of the media framing and INP has been so far intact. The present study is an attempt to give a historical narrative on how the media have framed the trajectory of INP. We will accomplish this mission by locating the impacts of media on INP within an examination of the larger historical context. In this framework, the proposed work will undertake tracing the history of the ebbs and flows within the media—i.e., CNN and Fox News— coverage of INP, explaining how media covered INP. On this reading, the present work is a historiography. It provides a theoretical plot to narrate a story, a story of the history of INP through the lens of media.

Today, due to lack of water resources, particularly safe drinking water, countries are experiencing a turmoil resulting in the formation of many crises in them. Hence, Iran is one of the countries all over the world where the water crisis is more pronounced compared to other countries, leading to the formation of security consequences in various parts of the country. Thus, this crisis in the country must be especially taken into account so that an organized space can be witnessed. Accordingly, this study is aimed at investigating and analyzing the water crisis and its security consequences in Iran. Hence, the present study is conducted in a descriptive-analytical format and based on library data. The research results reveal that over the recent decades, the situation of Iranian water resources has reached an alert status, so that it is considered on the verge of entering a water crisis by many experts and some others consider it as a country with a severe water crisis. Accordingly, it is forecasted that with the current situation in Iran, this country will be propelled to a supercritical situation and the conflict will increase over water resources in Iran, in such a way that its consequences will threaten the security of cities and settlements and on the other hand, lead to environmental degradation. On this basis, considering water crisis and resolving it as a major process necessitates the use of elites and presentation of their constructive suggestions to organize the situation of water resources in the country.

Describing crisis for determining their size and volume and prediction of its occurrence are some of the important actions in crisis management. The purpose of the present article is to introduce a proper model for describing crisis in the field of order and security. The research method is descriptive-analytical and its nature is an applied one. The explorative study of the paper was conducted based on the library research. The statistical sample consisted of 25 experts in the field of police research. The results revealed that four factors of crisis features, crisis risk factors, features of under crisis systems, crisis fighting features are effective factors of crisis volume and 16 crisis levels described based upon their combination. Based on the relationship between crisis volume factors, it can be concluded that the proposed model is not limited to specific temporal and special conditions. Further, easy social phenomenon can be described and interpreted based on this 16 levels model for every crisis.

Purpose: Food security is a critical global challenge that is influenced by research and innovation in the field. Therefore, the objective of this study is to analyze the scientific output of developing countries in food security and examine its relationship with patents and Gross Domestic Product (GDP).Methodology: This applied research utilized the Scientometric approach. A total of 8,416 papers published between 1992-2023 in the field of food security by developing countries were included in the study using citation databases from Clarivate Analytics. Additionally, patent registrations from the WIPO database and GDP data from the World Bank were analyzed. Information was collected through note-taking, and the data was analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient.Findings: The findings reveal an upward trend in the publication and citation of scientific outputs related to food security in developing countries. China has higher numbers of papers, patents, GDP, and food production index compared to Iran, Japan, and South Korea. There is also a positive correlation observed between population and the number of papers, gross production and the number of papers, food production and the number of published papers, as well as the number of patents and papers citing scientific outputs of countries.Conclusion: These results highlight the significant relationship between increasing scientific output, GDP, the number of patents, and food security. Greater emphasis on food security contributes to enhanced scientific output, GDP, and innovation. Similarly, increasing scientific output, GDP, and innovation positively impact food security in countries.Value: This study emphasizes the importance of scientific outputs in driving technological advancements, innovations, and ultimately, ensuring food security in developing countries.